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Pet Dogs or Guard Dogs? (Ahadith 2012 – 2013)
Bismillah.
Volume 3, Book 39, Number 515 :
Narrated by Abu Huraira (radiallaahu `anhu)
Allah’s Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) said, “Whoever keeps a dog, one Qirat of the reward of his good deeds is deducted daily, unless the dog is used for guarding a farm or cattle.” Abu Huraira (in another narration) said from the Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam), “unless it is used for guarding sheep or farms, or for hunting.” Narrated Abu Hazim from Abu Huraira (radiallaahu `anhumaa): The Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) said, “A dog for guarding cattle or for hunting.”
Volume 3, Book 39, Number 516 :
Narrated by As-Sa’ib bin Yazid
Abu Sufyan bin Abu Zuhair, a man from Azd Shanu’a and one of the companions of the Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) said, “I heard Allah’s Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) saying, ‘If one keeps a dog which is meant for guarding neither a farm nor cattle, one Qirat of the reward of his good deeds is deducted daily.” I said, “Did you hear this from Allah’s Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam)?” He said, “Yes, by the Lord of this Mosque.”
Firstly:
It is not permissible for a Muslim to keep a dog, unless he needs this dog for hunting, guarding livestock or guarding crops.
Muslim (2978) narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever keeps a dog that is not a dog for hunting, herding livestock or farming, two qiraats will be deducted from his reward each day.”
Muslim (2943) narrated from ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever keeps a dog, except a dog for herding livestock or a dog for hunting, a qiraat will be deducted from his good deeds each day.” ‘Abd-Allaah said: Abu Hurayrah said: Or a dog for farming.
Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr said:
This hadeeth shows that it is permissible to keep a dog for hunting and herding livestock, and also for farming.
Ibn Maajah (3640) narrated from ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog or an image.” Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Ibn Maajah.
These ahaadeeth indicate that it is haraam to keep a dog, except for those which were exempted by the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
The scholars differed as to how to reconcile between the reports which speak of one qiraat being deducted and those which speak of two qiraats being deducted.
It was said that two qiraats will be deducted if the dog is more harmful and one qiraat will be deducted if it is less so.
And it was said that that at first the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that one qiraat would be deducted, then the punishment was increased after that, so he said that two qiraats would be deducted in order to put people off from keeping dogs even more.
The qiraat is an amount that is known to Allaah, may He be exalted, and what is meant is that some of the reward for a person’s good deeds will be deducted.
See Sharh Muslim by al-Nawawi, 10/342; Fath al-Baari, 5/9
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen said in Sharh Riyaadh al-Saaliheen, 4/241:
With regard to keeping dogs, this is haraam and is in fact a major sin, because the one who keeps a dog, except those for which an exception has been made, will have two qiraats deducted from his reward every day.
It is by the wisdom of Allaah that like calls to like and evil calls to evil. It is said that the kaafirs, Jews, Christians and communists in the east and the west all keep dogs, Allaah forbid. Each one takes his dog with him and cleans it every day with soap and other cleansing agents. But even if he were to clean it with the water of all the seas in the world and all the soap in the world, it would never become pure! Because its impurity is inherent, and inherent impurity cannot be cleansed except by destroying it and erasing it altogether.
But this is by the wisdom of Allaah, and the wisdom of Allaah is that like calls to like and evil calls to Shaytaan because this kufr of theirs is by the inspiration of the Shaytaan and the command of the Shaytaan, for the Shaytaan enjoins evil, immorality, kufr and misguidance. So they are slaves to the Shaytaan and to their whims and desires, and they are also evil and love vile things. We ask Allaah to guide us and them. End quote.
Secondly:
Is it permissible to keep dogs to guard houses?
Answer:
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) made only three exceptions to the prohibition on keeping dogs: hunting, guarding livestock and guarding crops.
Some scholars are of the view that it is not permissible to keep a dog for any reason other than these three. Others are of the view that it is permissible to draw analogies between these three and similar or more likely cases, such as guarding houses, because if it is permissible to keep dogs to guard livestock and crops, it is more appropriate that it should be permissible to keep dogs to guard houses.
Al-Nawawi said in Sharh Muslim (10/340):
Is it permissible to keep a dog to guard houses, alleys and the like. There are two points of view. The first is that it is not permissible, because of the apparent meaning of the ahaadeeth, which clearly state that keeping dogs is forbidden except for farming, hunting and herding. The more correct view is that it is permissible, by analogy with those three cases, knowing that the reason that is understood from the ahaadeeth is necessity. End quote.
The view that was classed as saheeh by al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him), that keeping a dog to guard the house is permissible, was also classed as saheeh by Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) in Sharh Saheeh Muslim. He said:
The correct view is that it is permissible to keep a dog to guard the house, because if it is permissible to keep a dog in order to benefit from it, as in the case of hunting, it is more appropriate that one be allowed to keep a dog in order to ward off harm and protect oneself. End quote.
Taken from IslamQA
Sharecropping (Hadith No. 1980)
Bismillah.
Volume 3, Book 36, Number 485 :
Narrated by Abdullah bin Umar (radiallaahu `anhu)
“Allah’s Apostle (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) gave the land of Khaibar to the Jews to work on and cultivate and take half of its yield. Ibn ‘Umar (radiallaahu `anhu) added, “The land used to be rented for a certain portion (of its yield).” Nafi mentioned the amount of the portion but I forgot it. Rafi’ bin Khadij (radiallaahu `anhu) said, “The Prophet (sallallaahu `alayhi wasallam) forbade renting farms.” Narrated ‘Ubaid-Ullah Nafi’ said: Ibn ‘Umar (radiallaahu `anhu) said: (The contract of Khaibar continued) till ‘Umar (radiallaahu `anhu) evacuated the Jews (from Khaibar).
Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land.
There is no harm in renting land for a permissible work, like farming or planting or for building and so on.
Imam Ibn Mundhir (may Allah be pleased with him) said in the book of al-Ijma’:
‘They agreed that renting a land in return of gold and silver for a limited period of time is permissible’.
However, Tawuss and Hassan said that this is disliked.
However, if the land is agricultural, and good for farming, planting or building then the benefit (profit) has to be defined.
Al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) stated in Al-Minhaj:
‘If the land is good for farming, planting and building, then the profit has to be defined beforehand. It is enough in principle to define the farming by what is planted in it. If it is stated that one can benefit from it by whatever means he wishes, it is correct. It is the same if it is said: ‘If you wish you farm it or you plant it’, this is correct as well.
There is no harm in renting land for something precise, like money, gold or silver. The evidence is in the authentic Hadith that Handhala bin Qays asked Rafi’ bin Khadij about renting land. He replied: ‘The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam) forbade us to rent land. He said, I asked: ‘Is it forbidden to rent it for gold and silver? He replied: ‘he forbade to rent it for what comes out of it as crops/production; it is permissible to rent it for gold and silver’.
The juristic reasoning by analogy to gold and silver is all what is definite even the food, be it similar to what is produced from it or not.
[Taken from IslamWeb]
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